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The Cultural Landscape of the Vineyard of Pico, located on Pico Island, in the Azores archipelago, has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2004. This was an extremely important achievement for the region, covering a total area of 987 ha and a buffer zone of 1,924 ha.
The territory partially covers the North and South coasts, as well as the West coast of Pico Island, with two historical sites as reference points: Lajido da Criação Velha and Lajido de Santa Luzia. These locations are rich in natural beauty and stunning landscapes, featuring traditional architecture linked to vineyard culture, all cultivated in black lava fields.
Fotografia de António Faria
In this area, you can observe several parallel and perpendicular walls to the coast, stretching inland, designed to protect the vines from wind and seawater. Additionally, the region boasts a diverse fauna and flora, with many endemic, rare species and communities, classified as permanent protection areas.
When visiting Pico Island, be sure to explore the Cultural Landscape of the Vineyard of Pico, a must-see location. It’s worth the visit!
History of the Cultural Landscape of the Vineyard of Pico
The emergence of the Cultural Landscape of the Vineyard of Pico dates back to the arrival of the first settlers on Pico Island and in the Azores around 1460. With its volcanic origin, the soil wasn’t suitable for cereal cultivation, but it was ideal for wine production, thanks to the favorable microclimate and the characteristics of the volcanic rocks.
The peak of wine production was reached in the 19th century, characterized by a patchwork of small fields, buildings, and estates. The wine was exported from the port of Horta, on the neighboring island of Faial, to countries such as Germany, Brazil, the West Indies, England, Russia, and others. Around 12,000 to 15,000 barrels were produced.
However, this great success turned into a major problem. Two pests, known as Powdery Mildew and Phylloxera, devastated the vineyards, reducing production to just 100 barrels. As a result, many rural workers emigrated, and vineyard areas were abandoned.
In 1951, the Pico Wine Cooperative was established to help save and revitalize wine production in the region. In 1982, the Wine Museum and the Harvest Festival were created, the latter taking place every September to revive the sociocultural aspects related to wine production.
In 1986, legislation ensured the protection of the traditional architecture inherited from the wine cellar clusters. In 2004, UNESCO classified the Cultural Landscape of the Vineyard of Pico as a World Heritage Site, making it a region of immense historical and cultural value in the Azores, attracting tourists from all over the world.
